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and by contributions to your pbs station from: film dirtor: scene 1a, take o-- coff with kennedys atyannis port. (pno playing) narrator: by october 196 tekennedy's campaign for the senate was in full sng. rose fitzgerald kennedy: here is ted, our youngesson, in front of his faer. you can e jack-- the presidennow. you casee bobby, the attorn general, and my daughrs. onither side, of course, are the papal guards. i thought, wh all these spiritual adntages, ted might grow uand be a priest or ev a bishop, but he met aeautiful blonde one ght and so that was the end

of my amtion in that directio hello. tara, how aryou, dear? have you got your bo to read to grandma this rning? narrator but as rose kennedy mpaigned for her younst son, her second son w facing thmost serious crisis the entire cold war era. the detas of that crisis and nnedy's handling of it would be emined and reexaminedor decades, and its impactpon him would profoundlyhange the way and successors waged the cold war in the coming ars. on october 1 kennedy was shown phographs taken by a u spy plane. the soviets wereecretly building bas in cuba for nuclear missiles capable of striking new york, chicago, washingn. thbay of pigs and kennedy' continuing secret caaign

to overthrow castro had convince soviet premier khrushev another american invasn of cuba was immine. so, khrushev came to the conclion that t only way to save cuba was to install there several sovi missiles, which would deter a poteial american invasion. narror: but to kennedy, soviet missis so close to the unitedtates were intolerable. they would he to be removed. the question was howo do it without proving nuclear war. kennedy cretly assembled a grp of seasoned counselors from inside and outside his administration. s experience with thbay of pigs had taught him not toely only on the miliry and cia, but most advisers initiall favored a military rponse.

c.ouglas dillon: those us who had had previous eerience with the sovt union were alln favor of a quick aack... at first. robert kennedy took a different approach. said that this would be a terrible thing in e world becae this would be an urovoked assault and a lot of oth people would get killed that were not nessarily the soviets that we putting up the, thbases. bobby was very eloent. , he, he said, "i do t want my brother "tbe the tojo of amerin history. i do not want us"-- the united states-- "to pull a pearl harr." heanted us to be tough and l of that but not to sike without warning or so on and so rth. narrator for six days, as kendy's advisers aued in secret

over wt should be done about the missiles, the president did his st to a as if nothing unusual we happening. and ask for the election of aistinguished governor, mike desalle, who recognizes the probls of this state and untry and wants too something about it naator: even the presint's press secrary was unaware of the missile crisis when kennedy instructehim to tell the pres had a cold and would rern to washington. pierre salinger: and we hded out of the hotel, went to the airport, goon the plane, and about halfway through the flight i found myself ane in the president'cabin with him. i said, "mr. presint, you don't ha a cold. there's something else going on." he said,you bet there is somethinelse going on" and he said, "when you finout, grab your balls. john f. kennedy: good evening, my fellow cizens. this government, as prised, has mainined the closest surveillce the soviet military buildup on the island of cuba.

narrator: kennedy realed the crisis to t world on october 2and declared a naval blocde of cuba to remain in force until the missiles were reved. the kennedys had resiste pressure from the mitary to bomb thmissile sites. they would give e soviet premier thopportunity to withdraw acefully, but no one knew what khrushchev would do the nation braced r the possibility of nucar war. remember there being a diussion at home with my father about whher or not we should moved. there waa bunker under camp david where there was ro for us, but there re two considerations that i remember my fher articulating at at time. onwas that we shouldn't be moved cause it would cause her people to panic if we were moved t of washington, uh, and the other one was at, if there were a nucleawar, none of us would wt to be around afterwardanyway.

narrator: in the end both sides pulled ck from confrontation khrushchev agree to withdraw the missiles inxchange for kennedy's public pledge not to invade ba and his private prise to remove americ missiles from turkish bases ar the soviet border. e gravest crisis of t cold war was over. kennedy had shown a end of toughness and plomatic skill scarcely imaginable when he first took offic buhe also recognized how close the world had come to disaer, how large a pa luck had played in its svival. richard goodn: "you know, it's absolutely crazy," says, "that two men, sittin on opposite sides of theorld, havehe power to destroy l of western civilization," and it was really athat point-- i think that was the turng point of kennedy's presidency. narrator: kennedy ved to reduce the possibility of futurconfrontation. in the ensuing month he negotiated

the first arms agreement of the nucar age, stalled the first dict communication link to theoviet premier, and at amerin university in june 63, caed for a new era of terance. leus reexamine our attitude towards the soviet union no government orocial system is so ev at its people must be coidered as lacking in virtue, for in the final analysi our most basic commolink is that we all habit this small plat, we all breathe the samair, we all crish our children's tures, and we are all mortal. hd (cheering) narrat: kennedy was haileds a hero during his vis to berlin in the sumr of 1963.

the outcome ofhe cuban missile crisis h helped relieve doubts about the young esident. all free men, wherer they may live, are citizens oberlin, and therefore, as free man, i ke pri in the words "ich bin ein berliner." heering) rrator: but for somet home, kennedy's ta of freedom abroad ra hollow. john kennedy had beeelected partly becau of his promise to secure equal ghts for black americs, yet once in office, he had sought tovoid too great an involvent in the politicly divisive struggle but evts overtook the kennys. (siren waing) in 1961, they were forced to se federal marshals intalabama torotect the freedom riders. in 1962, they were forced to send in the nationaguard

to restore order at the university of misssippi. still, kennedy resisted seing strong civil rhts legislation to cgress, unwilling to ris further alienating the powerf southern conservativ blocking his domestic ogram. i was t sympathetic with the kennedys' political proems. i was sympathetic with the problems that black pple were having, and it seemed me the kennedys want it both ways. they wanteto appear to be our iends and they wanted toe the brake on our movemt. narrator: kennedy watched, along with the country, in may963 as racial vience erupted in birmiham. horrified by wt he had seen, he polled s political advisers about sending a broad w civil rights bill congress. most of hiadvisers in the whiteouse-- maybe all of them- told himhat's a terribleolitical mistake. many thought tt the bill could not passed,

and they were thinking "well, theresident's going to put his presidency on the ne for this bill, and he's going to fail." narrator: robert kennedy disagreed. his duties as attorneyeneral had demanded he focus othe inequities in amecan society. he would come to champion vil rights for the rest his life. marshall: he thoht it was not just the future of the presidcy but the future of is country that was at stake, and so he urd the president verytrongly too ahead for-- with the bill. narrator: in june, white house aisers met with the psident to discuss wther he should delivea televisi address to rally sport for his civil rits bill. a fi crew was present inhe oval office. robert drew: they g into whether or not ngress would be put off byhe president making a speech about civil rights and so rth. robert kennedy: i n't think you can geby now witht having an address on tevision, at least during this period of time, giving somdirection and havingt

inhe hands of the present. naator: in the end, keedy sided with his bther. that evening, for the first time in hiory, a president wod declare civil rights f black americans a ral issue. john lewis: that nht in june wh he spoke, he spoke, think, tohe heart and to the sl of america. i would never rget that speech. we are confronted prarily with a moral iue. it is as o as the scriptures and is as clear as the american constitution the heart of the question is whether all americans are to be afrded equal rights and eql opportunities. rrator: within weekskennedy sent the longwaited bill to congress. it washe most sweeping civil rits legislation since reconstrucon. if you look ba, um... at who jn kennedy was when he ca to the united statesenate...

and u see who he was on rial issues when he died, you ha to say that's at you want. you know that most white americans are racist you can't help but be racist inhis culture less you have superb parents what you hope is that whit americans can be eduted and that they can be purged, to some real degree, their racism, and that they can brought to do decenthings. that's what happened to this man. narrator: bor day, 1963. thkennedys gathered at hyais port. later that day, kennedy epared to be terviewed by walter onkite

about the growing americ commitment in vtnam, where kennedy had nosent some 16,000 miliry advisers. for decades to come, s words that afternoon woulbe used by some to prove head already decided to pulout of the war. in the fin analysis, it's theiwar. th're the ones who have to win it or lose it. we can hp them, we can give em equipment, we can send our men outhere as advisers, but they have to w it, the ople of vietnam against e communists. naator: but what the presint said next would besed by others to provehe opposite: at kennedy planned to contin america's commitnt. t i don't agree with tho who say we should widraw. that'd be a great mista. tha'd be a great mistake. i know people don't like americans to be engaged in ts kind of an effort, and 47 america have been killed in comb with the enemy, uh, but, uh, thi is a very important ruggle, even thoh it's far away. thank yo sir. narrator: kennedy's ambiguous answer

reflected deep disions in his adminisation. the war was going badl and two months later he secretly encouraged a military coup, hoping tinstall more effective vietnamese leadership. the new reme proved just as flad. e war in vietnam would grow d become the most coroversial legacy of the kennedy psidency. ("hail to thchief" playing) edward m. kennedy: this dinner marks the benning of a great effort which we are going to ma in new england in 1964. new england is the bthplace of ts administration, and we are proud oit. (appuse) i, fir of all, want to express appreciation my brother, teddy, for his offering me his coattas.

(laughter, appuse) my, uhlast campaign, i suppe, uh, may, u be coming up, uh, ve shortly, but teddy's arnd, and therefore... (laughr) these dinners can go on indefinitely. kennedy, ithe fall of 1963, was lookinforward to the campaign 1964. he was beginning ttravel in parts of the cotry where he kw he needed to shorep his popularity, which wasagging because of the cil rights legislation. he was implod to come to texas, whe two factions of the demratic party were aeach other's throats. narrator before heading for tas, kennedy flew aga to hyannis por for a sunday with hifather. powers: annow we're leaving monda and the helicopt would take off from the fieldhere where we played toucfootball.

and e ambassador would beheeled out to the porch so that we'd be ae to watch him all t way. the president put his ha on his father's oulder, yoknow, and kissed him the head, and as we take o, he's oking down-- he has t picture window on the helicopter-- and said, "look at him, dave and he made it all psible." athers: i came back washington with theresident. he was layg down. they had a bed in their force one for him toie on. so he said, "gee, i really he to go to texas. "i got to go... got to go to texas nt week, "andt's just a pain in t rear end, "and i just don't want tgo. i wish i could get out of ." and i sa, "well, what's e problem?" said, "well, you know holyndon is." lyndon was vice presiden "lyndon wants to re with me, "but john connally is the governor, and he wants to de, nd i think that protocol says he's supposed to de, and johnsowants jackie to ride th him."

anconnally was, at that time, a little bit jealous of lyon, and lyon was a little jealous ohim, so all these fights re going on. he said, "i just do't want to get in at mess. "i hate to go. i wish i cou think of way to get out of it narrator: after lunch on friday, november 22, 1963, joseph kennedy was rting quietly in his bedro. rita dlas: i heard this screami, and knew it was dora, the dostairs maid, screaming. and, uh... sheas yelling, "mrs. daas, mrs. dallas." so i ran out down e long hall past mrskennedy's room, and i said, "da, be quiet. what is it?" and she started screamin "the psident was shot, the present was shot." so, then, mrs.ennedy came out, and e said, "will you please stop all this noise," she said. and she said, "mrs. dallasyou should know bett," she said, "with my husband down e hall."

and she said, "stop this noi." and, uh... so, um... i said, "there's been an accident th the president." and i didn't want to behe one to tell her. and i said "it's on televisn," so she just looked at me and she went into her om. narrator: ted keedy was presiding over t senate when word reached him that his brother had been woued. robert kenne was at home when the telhone rang. it was j. edgahoover. the presidt had been shot, he said. he wld call back when he d more details. walter cronkite: fr dallas, texas, the flash, apparently ofcial: president kennedy di at 1:00 p.m. central stdard time, 2:00 easterntandard time, so 38 minutes ago.

vice president lyndon joson has le the hospital in dals... charles spaldi: finally, everybody. everything settled in the lincolnoom, i think it was-- e big... when you turn left when you come in the dr-- and it came time to goo bed, and i was with bobby tn most of time, and ey went upstairs, and i went tget some sleeping pis for him. ani gave them to him and taed with him for a while, and thene seemed to be ready go, and so i closed the or, and i waited outde, just... and i ard him just sobbing. he was talkingirectly, and heas saying, "why?" you kno "why, god, why? "we were doing so ll. "everything was really so... poised so well.

why, why anhe repeated it and repeat it and repeated it and finally quieted, and left. anthat evening, eunicend teddy came. and euniceell down on the side of t bed, which she nevedid, and she put her ad down oner father's knees, and she said, ad, jack has been shot." she said, "jack's heaven. jack's ineaven, so he's alright." d it was so confused at, uh... really, i don't ink mr. kennedy got all together for a while. in the morning when i brought the per in... d i wasn't going toive to him. i couldn't, so i t it on the dresser. so, he pointed to itnd i said, "there's bad news in it." i id, "do you remember?" d he just looked at me, and i said, "it's about the presidt." i didn'say "your son." i said, "it's about the president."

and he just went likthis to the paper, and took the paper, and he lked at the headlines, and he put his heaback on the pillow, and it was just horrible i mean, the silence ere. anthen, i looked at him, and this man at rarely cried... i saw the tearcoming down his cheeks. (funereal drumming) narrator: on sunday, nember 24, the kennedfamily

accompaniejohn kennedy from thehite house for the last time. for the next 18 hos, the flag-draped casketould lie in state in the capil rotunda, awaiting mday's funeral. beschloss: the neral of john kennedy was modeled the funeral of lincoln: the lying intate in the east room the movent of the coffin on aaisson down pennsylvania avenue

narrator: a quarter of a million mouers filethrough the capitol tunda in a line that stretched three miles doris kearnsoodwin: i just remember feelin thatense that it was impoible that it could haveappened, that somebody in the middl of the vitality of h life was stru down. it made all of us, cluding myself, just feemore vulnerable. you' young, you can't ever imagine you're goingo die, ansomehow, when john kenneddied, there was at sense of the arbitriness of fate, as if you could die,oo. narrat: in the coming weeks anmonths, americans wod be unwilling to leto of the president who had been taken fm them. lesshan half of all amerin voters d cast their ballots r kennedy. now, 65% claimed ty had. he had become, in deh, what he never was life, and the president'widow added to his lend.

michael schloss: she gave an terview to theodore ite, the journalistt thanksgiving at hyannis port, just after the assassition, during wch she referred to t fact that she a her husband, late anight, used to listen to ahonograph record the musical, camelot. white saw his lead, he wrote up the interview, and, thenceforth, the nnedy legend had its name. rrator: john kenned's legend was already ttling upon robt kennedy, but he was shattered. thbrother to whom he had devoted his life was dead. arur schlesinger, jr.: he lked and acted devastated. he seemed, at times, to be as if in a dream. i think he was engaged in a great internal stggle to reconcile his bief in god with what had happed to his brother. john seinthaler: he was in physic pain.

if you were arou him, you knew that heas not-- he w sometimes not reallyith it. i mean, he w really hurting-- bruid, emotionally and spiritlly. robert f. kenny, jr.: my father beme more quiet at thatime and more introspecti. he startedding a lot of the gres. he read cas. he read a lot the existentialists. he read a lot of poetry, emerson and thoreau. anhe became very interested in poetry, then-- alfredord tennyson, the heic writers, the people who, uh, who explained human tragy. narrator: no longer the second mt powerful man in waington, keedy stayed on as attorneyeneral, but could not conceal hidisdain fothe new president, lyndonohnson. clifford: itas a terribly bitter perience for bobby, to see this man he hed come in

and replace his brothe in t oval office in the wte house. it was almost more than he could bear. rey: the basic fact is thostwo men simply didn't like each other. that's all there wato it. everybody has seen t dogs come into a rootogether and, all of a sudden, there's a low growl fromach one, and the hair srts rising on the back ofhe neck. that was a real tuation between bobby and lyndon johnson. narrat: at odds with the new psident, unsuref his own future, bert kennedy also had to car out his responsibilities to his family- his own eight children, the widow and chilen of his murdered brothe his grieving paren. then, in june of964, the family w dealt still another ow. senator edwardennedy was seriously injured in a planerash. his back wasroken. for a time, the familyeared

the youngest kennedy would not live. "is it ever going to end for you people?" a reporter asked robert kenny. "i was justhinking," he awered, "if my mothehadn't had any re children "than her first four she would have nothi now. "i guesshe only reason we've svived is that there armore of us than there is ouble." the senator would remain hospitazed for six nths. naator: robert kennedyas present as lyndon johnn signed the civil rights act of 64. it h been president kennedy's ll, buit had taken johnson's ill to push ithrough. give this to thurgood marshall. givehis to... rrator: the tension tween the attorney geral and e president was obvious, and the democratic convtion, to make rtain the delegates re not stampeded into drafting rort kennedy for the vice psidency,

johnson moved e planned tribute to johkennedy to the very la night. henry jackson: and no it is my privilege d honor to introduce the man whstood closer to him times of crisis and in timesf fun an anyone else-- his brothe robert kennedy. (cheering and apause) narrator johnson's fears d been well-founded. in the nine nths since john kenne's death, his legend had only maified. and robert kennedyas its clear beneficiy. (applause, cering and whistling)

(applause and eering) robert f. kennedy: mr. chrman... narrator: the demonsation went on for 22inutes bere kennedy was able speak. robert f. keedy: mr. chairman... rey: i once heard the knedys described as "court looking for a king." i think you always h some of the knedy supporters who thoughthat it wasn't letimate unless aennedy was in the whi house, and bobby s the obvious one athat point. when i tnk of... president kennedy, i tnk of... what shakespeare said in romeo and juliet. "when he shall die, "take him and cuhim out in little stars, "ande shall make the face of heaven so fine

"that all the rld will be in love th night and pano worship to the garh sun." (applause and cheeng) rrator: the door to the ce presidency had en closed, but robert kennedy had aeady decided on his nt move. (applause and cheeri) narrator: by the fall of 1964, robert kennedyas bk in the bare-knuckled pitical world he knew st. he would run for the united states sete-- from new york. but since he did n yet even live in new yo state, so called him a "carpeagger." liberals remembed he had once workedor joseph mccarthy and jewish vers were suspicious of a son of joseph kennedy. it was not very good whehe first went out on e stump. he seemed to not project very well. u couldn't tell whether he wasn't very gooat it

or maybe even that he was still carrying around some psychologicalaggage in terms of thinking out his brother. rrator: in the past, robt kennedy had managecampaigns for hibrother. now, he was the candidate an the transition was dficult. reporter: listen, wh about this tour of t fulton fish market? at are your impressions? well, they have a lot fish (laughing) anthe, uh... (applause and chring) ♪ ed guthman: i rember, up in buffalo, w york-- and was about1:00-- we got, finally, up to t room in the hotel and iaid, "god, bo that crowd, that wasncredible. i've never seen any likehat." and he turned on me and id, "well, don't yoknow?" and i said, "know what?" and he said, "th was for him, not fome." all (chanting): we want nnedy! we wankennedy! narrator: large crowdsurned out in ery city and town kennedy sited, but he ran behind in the pls. new yorkers seemed morenterested

in sing a kennedy than in vong for one. reporter how are you going toote? i'm afraid i'm going to vote for mrkeating. (appuse) naator: the kennedy foes were out in two stes that political sson, campaigning in massachuset for ted, still hospilized and converng on new york to help rort-- his wife ethel expecting their nintchild; his sters, pat lawford and je smith; and the candida's 74-year-old mother. this is an-an honor and pleasure that i've nev had before... (laughs) .to introduce my son on alatform. i n tell you, of course, a eat deal about him. (laughs) i used to spank him with a ruler. it givese great pleasure to introduce my seventh child, bert francis kennedy. (cheering and apause) i want to ank my mother for thkind introduction.

that's what we've gten down to, in thisampaign. after so of these polls came out that we were not doingoo well, we took mother. (laughter) well, i helped my father and i've had a lot of experience, since i d it 74 years ago. yeah, i know. i'm going to tell them you did. (laughter) so, why don't you gi your own speech? you e, that's it. we don't-- my brother and i never-- the reason sh's never introduc any of us before because we never go the same platform with her. we cldn't possibly compete with that. narrator: vember 3, 1964-- election day. robe kennedy couldn't vote in new york. he didn't meet the state' residency requiremen nonetheless, hbecame new york'senator, thanks larly to an overwhelmingandslide r lyndon johnson. decter: nobo, for one nute, expected that he was going into the senate to stay ere. it was understood that that was the next move

on the w to reclaiming what was rigfully the kennedys', namely, the white use. narrator: the same nht robert kennedy won s relatively narrow victory in new york, in massachusetts, edwa kennedy was swept ck into office by a landsde. i thk i asked him whether heas as ruthless in new york as. no. (laughter) i was just saying th he's getting awl fresh since he's be in bed. his wife has won the campaign for him. he'll make a spch, if you don't lo out. any of you fm new york? (lauter) ("hail to the chief"laying) warren: you, lyndobaines johnson, do solemnly swr.... i, lyndon baines johnson, do solnly swear... ..hat you will faithful execute... ..that i will faithfully ecute... ...the office of the psidency of the unitestates.

narrator: joseph kendy's surviving sons watched from the sidelines ashe man who inherited their murdered brother's esidency assumed offi in his own right, and one was alread positioning himself to run for president. narrator: arou the world, robert kenne was seen as the inheritor his brother's legacy. ed harris: if you evetraveled with robert nnedy, you fod that he was like an americanock star. people grabbed at hi and touched him and forth. so, th is indicative of sort ofhe way he was trted, too, by t press, as a senator. rmally, a new senator would sort of be seen and noheard. he had no oppounity for that, had he bn so inclined. he was a national figure ready, d that made him very differe from any other senator.

narrator: nnedy had always been reltless in pursuit of his broer's policies and s brother's enemies. now, he would be just as relentless in carving out aonstituency of his o, to the left of lyndojohnson, drawn om the dissatisfied, the poor, thyoung, blacks, inans and the miant workers of califnia. cesar chav: we were like the fgotten. no one identified th us of any consequce. and then, of course, after he did that, a lot people began to ideify, which is what happens, you know. he was versincere, very intense, yoknow, made everything seem ry personal to him. went right out into theields, talked tthe workers. the workers just really loved him. chavez: and thenhe went from our headarters to the hearings, so he wasn'hiding the fact that he was pro-fa worker. if i have reason to lieve that ther's going to be a riot started and somebody tellse

that, "there's gog to be trouble if you d't stop ''em," then it's my dut to stop 'em, ani... robert f. kenny: and then, you go out an arrest them? ll, absolutely. and char them? charge them. what do you charge tm with? well, viating, uh, unlawful aembly. now, this is t most interesting coept, i think, that you sudnly hear talk about t fact that someby makes a report about somebody's going to get out of order, perhaps viole the law, and you gon and arrest them, and they haven't done anything wrong. how can you go arrest somedy ifhey haven't violated e law? ey're ready to viola the law. inther words... (jeeri and laughter) (gavel bangs) reedy: there was no real give to hi bobby live in a heaven-and-hellorld. you were either on the side of god, or you were on theide of mephistophele narrator: more a more, robert kennedy fou himself listening to aocates for the disadvtaged. marian wright was lawyer for the national assoction for the advancement of colored people. marian wright elman: i wanted him tsee the suffering, and ianted him to see the hger. i meanit was very hard to g people to understand

thateople were literally starng in mississippi at tt time, that there were people with no income. rrator: robert kennedy wt down to the mississippielta with marian wright. as usual, the press llowed in force. man: hear theup there crying? robert kennedy: what'd you have f lunch? we ain't had nch yet. you haven't had lunch yet? no. wright edelman: he walked in and saw, in a dark ck room, a child at was obviously malnrished, with a bloated stomach, that was not very responve, that was... and he stooped down and gan to try to get thchild to respond, um, tohing and feeling and lking to the child. um, the child dinot respond. he was obviously deeplmoved and deeply outged, umand conveyed that when he walked back out agai into the light of thday and the light of the camer. senator, what do you ke of the problem ofoverty

in this, our poorest state? well, i think it's, obviously, as great a pover as we've had in. in our, uh, country. and, uh, i think that, u considering we hava gross national product of some $700 blion, and that we spen$75 billion on arments and weapons, that you wld think that, uh... we spend almost $3 blion each year on dog in thenited states, as amecan citizens, that we could be doing me for those who are poor and, particularly, for our children. robert kennedy bece a man who was connecd to the world'pain after his other's death. and he could lrn about the world's in. narrator: robert kennedy had already left behind his father's views.

no he had moved beyondis dead brother, too, bringi all of his old zeal to a new, risky kind of politics, mounting a liberal chaenge tohe liberal president his own party. peter edman: and so here, u had this man who was conducting, in thend, a kind of an alterna government-in-waitin or shadow administtion on the other end of pennlvania avenue from lyon johnson. it w really quite extraoinary. crowd (chain e,, wothrefour! we don't want this lousy war! narrat: as america's visions over vietnameepened, and the cost of the colict weakened johnson's war on poverty, the kennedy brothers we caught up in the natiol agony. ted kennedbegan to criticize the w obliquely, seeking tolleviate the sufferinof refugees. for robertennedy, etnam represented anspecially painful dilemma.

adam walinsky: he had, after all, been invoed with the original licy, and had made the judent, in what he thought was a sponsible and a serious way, th it made sense to go in, d you didn't turn aroun on that just lightly ju because the newspapers were making a fuss, you didn't just tow that over automatilly. tonight, in vinam, more than 200,000 of you young americans stanthere, ghting for your freedom. rrator: t johnson'steady escalation ofhe war oubled kennedy more and more ...and that their use, which is our cau, shall be susined. (applause) in march of 1967he broke openly with johnson over vietnam. i was involved in the queson of the struggle inietnam, and i'sure that administration of president kennedy made mistakes in wch i was personally iolved. so, i think that ithere's the queson of the blame or the responsibily for the problems ovietnam, there's enough blame to go ound for everybody. narror: he called for a lt to the bombing of nortvietnam

d a negotiated settlement. some of kenny's advisers began urng him to take on the preside of his own party. walinsky: i thought at johnson was enormoly vulnerable. i thought the republans would beat him in 19, d i thought that it was robert kennedy's oppounity and responsibili to run and get elecd president. (cheing) naator: "bobby wanted e presidency so much could taste it," an aide rembered, but kennedy side with his more cautious aisers. he feared s entry into the racwould be seen as a purely personal chaenge to the president wh anti-war leaders asked him to run, he turned themown. i'm going to remaion as a united statesenator, representing the ste of new york, and i'm going to support e democratic ticket for 1968 of president johnson hubert humphrey. (crowd booing)

boo. (laughter) narror: bitterly disappoted, the anti-war movemen turned elsewhere. on november , 1967, senator eune mccarthy announce that he would challengjohnson in the primaes. man: is it poible that you might stepside ansupport bobby kenned the moment came whene decided to have a go at the mination? i don't see that as a problem rht now. i-i. again, i don't know whetr it would be a question of stepping aside. it might a more... it may be le voluntary than that. (laughter) uh, i, uh... i, uh... (explosions) narrator: in january 1968, thtet offensive broadened erica's opposition to thwar and helped eugenmccarthy win 40% of t vote in the new hampshirerimary. for the first time, lyndon johnson seemed vulnerable. keedy was reassessing s position,

resolving to run aer all, but fit, he had to tell hisarents. i was out in theall, and i overheard bobby y to his father and ther, "i'm gointo run for the presidcy." and, uh, it s not like when he s running for the senate the was complete silence, ani looked at mr. kennedy, and he just dropd his head down on hichest. bobby says, "it's ing to be all right,he said. "it's ing to be all right." narrator: just four days after gene mccarthy's stro showing in new hampshire, rort kennedy and hisamily arriveat the senate office buiing to announce his candacy. this was the se spot on which john kennedy d opened his campaign in nuary of 1960, anrobert kennedy used s brother's opening line

i am announcing today my candidacy for the pridency of the united ates. i do not run for the psidency merely to opse any man, but to propose new polies. i run becae i am convinced that this country on a perilous cours and because i haveuch strong feelings about what must be de, d i feel that i am obliged to do l that i can. rrator: bert kennedy's announcent would once have be greeted with wild enthiasm by the anti-war vement. now, to many, it seemed opportunistic. man: he had his chance, i think. we wanted m to run, but he nev did, so now, we'reupporting gene until e end. narrator there was no time touild the kind of political machin that h characterized past kendy campaigns. kennedy reporter... narrator: it was too lat to enter most of the priries. kennedy would ha to wait to face eugene marthy

until indiana, more tn a month away. meanwhile, kennedy would aault lyndon johnson. he crged that, by johnson's massive bombing of vieam, he was calling upon t darker impulses of the han spirit. richard harwood: some of his speeches got very close to demagoguy, and i said so in a coue of pieces in thpost. and when i went back to t airplane take off on the next leg of the trip, ethekennedy came down thaisle with mstory wadded up and threit in my face. narrator: in theirst two weeks of his camign, kennedy visited 16 state denouncing johnson bere huge crowds. then, onhe evening of march 3 as kennedy flew home to new york city, everything suddey changed. johnson bowed out of the rac once lyndon hnson withdrew from t race, its character changed. um, robert knedy had gotten a lotf strength

from lyndon johnn's unpopularity kennedy then had t all of a sudden, turaround and lk about what he was gointo do for the next four year narrator kennedy now had to fd a way to differentia himself from eugene carthy and from johnso's hand-picked suessor, hubert humphrey. then, flying into indianapolis, indna, he received ws that would shock t country. john lew: the evening of apr 4, 1968, we were in the mid of organizing a rall an odoor rally in a transitiol neighborhood. and metime during the gatherg of people, someoninformed us that martiluther king, jr. had en shot. narrator: no one in the crowd t knew of king's death. some kennedy aid urged him to cancel his pearance for fe the crowd's anger at the news might turn on m.

kennedy refud. lewis: robert kennedy came in and spoke, spe from his soul, the dept of his soul. martinuther king has been shot and was killed tonight in memphis, tennsee. (audience screamg) for those of you who a black and are tempted to fill with. to be filled wh hatred and mistrust the injustice of such an ac ainst all white people, i would ly say that i can al feel in my own heart the same kind of feeli. i had a member of my family killed, but heas killed by a white man it is not the end of violence, it is not e end of lawlessness, and it's not e end of disorder, but thvast majority of white pple

and the vast majorit of black people in this untry nt to live together, want to improve the quity of our life and want justice r all human beings th abide in our land. lewis: after the fural of dr. king, i felt iad lost a friend, a big brother, aolleague. somew, i sort of said toyself, "well,e still have bby kennedy," and i justnapped out of it likehat and goback on the campaign ail. narrator: anger over dr. king'murder set ghetto neighborhoods able all across america further separang blacks from white but blacks continu to turn out in unprecedeed numbers for robert kenne, struggling to touch his nds, tearinat his clothes, frightening somemericans by their intsity. he was becoming a lighing rod for one dissatisfied group after another.

doris kearns goodw: there was a frenzy in that environmen when he was out ther and that seemed to symboli to a lot of americans, ihink, the fear thaamerica itself was ouof control, that we really dn't have a lid anore on our social problems d that revolution wareally around the corner. on the other hand, there was a group of aricans who felt that only bob could heal the divisns, that bause he was tough and because he was straightforwa and because he wasassionate, he couldring the blue-collar works and the blks together and no o else could have. senator bert knedy has won the first primary te in his attempt to secure thdemocratic nominationor the presidency. robert kennedy h won the democratic pmary in the state of nebrka. naator: despite his viories, kennedy trailed huhrey almostwo to one in the racfor delegates. he pushed on to oregon and lt. itas the first time ankennedy had ever lost an electio everything n depended on the calornia primary. i... i think that probly i have to win here

i don't... i hav't dealt with perceages before, d i... i don't think it's very helpful at thmoment. 've got to go, 'causi've got thousandof fans iting for me, i hope. (laughter) ank you very much. (clapping) well, by the te he got there, gene mccarthy haalready been knockinon the door, and ma people in the liberal cmunity had bothrms, both legs aroundene mccarthy and were kissing him on thneck and biting him othe ear. and so, we cam into that campaign bind. narrator: rort kennedy campaigned throughout the state, drawing huge cwds, but by election day, it was still too close to ca. everything finally ce down to the black and tino neighborhoods, where the turnout was ually low. thughout the day, we had been checking the precincts, and we see the gre numbers of people coming and the big numbers ofeople. uh, were doing our own it polling, and we were geing great, great feedback

narrator: thturnout was high, and tino voters went forennedy 15 to one. he won cifornia with almost % of the vote. so, when we algathered at the ambasdor, this was just a great feelin of, you know, excitement and hainess and joy. could only see that he haone security person, and thatind of entered my mind, but i did't want to say anythin because this was such a glorious moment. i didn't want to spoil it by saying ything that might be negave. (cheering, applause, whiling) male reporter: senator kennedy has just ented the ballom here at his electn headquarters, and you can hear t pandemonium that hasesulted. anhe is pushing his way through a crowd of reporters and photographers gather around the podium, up to thspeaker's stand. (applause continues) what i think is qte clear is...

is that can work together inhe last analysis, and that what has been goingn within the united stat over t period of the last ree years-- the divisions, t violence, thdisenchantment with o society, the divisions, whether it's between blacks a whites, between the poor and e more affluent or bween age groups or othe war in vietnam-- that wcan start to work tother. we are a great cntry, an unselfish cntry d a compassionate country, d i intend to make that my basis for running over the period of theext few months. (cheering,pplause) and i remember wating him on televisiothat night, and there waa kind of ease and a gracthat he had that really had been missi, in a way. you know, i an, he always had thpassion, and he had the ideas. the bstance didn't change, but he had a kind... he was at ease with himsf. this was his victory. this was not a kennedy victo. it was bobbyennedy's victory. and i lookedt him, and i said,

"my d, the guy looks like a psident." so, , my thanks to all of you. and now it's on to chicago, and t's win there. thank you very much. (cwd cheering) fred dutton: the crowd was a little b unruly, so i decided that the was a back route too. the security people had had already canvsed it. they were epared to go either w, and i said, "no, we'll go out the back way." (crowd shouting,lapping) narrator: as robert kennedy entered the kitchen, heurned to shake hands th a busboy. at that moment, gunshots ranout. (all clamong)

what happened? somebody st robert kennedy what happened? man: everody... everybody out!ome on! narrat: in the kitchen the ambassador hotel, a television newsman pleadwith his cameraman toeep rolling. man: mmy, shoot it! please, shoot it man: oh, no, god! naator: at another losngeles hotel, mccarthy campaign worker are stunned as they watch onelevision. en talking over each other) at? woman: kennedy has en shot! shh, shh. (men talking over eachther) sobody just shot robert kendy. ey're trying tolear the room. man (on tv): please, we nd to immediately. ma fred johnson, come rht here. i was looking at the televion when it all happed.

um, my reaction? horror. horror, beuse after dr. king, he was kd of the last hope for a sane and morally, ... mindful directn in the country, and think, like many amerans, i ju couldn't believe itas happening again, and the great fear out the path of violence that apparently had en opened up in our natio narror: all the next day the country waited for news of kennedy's coition. dallas: when the predent was assassated, e family became very stoic. when bobby washot, the whole house ll apart. mrs. kennedy fell apart, and she kept sayin "my son, my son." and mr. kennedy crie i cried. was too much.

senator robert francis kendy died at 1:44 a.m. today... june, 1968. with senatorennedy at the time of hiseath wereis wife, ethel; hisisters, mrs. steven smith and mrs.atricia lawford; brother-in-law, mr. steven smith; and his sister-in-law, mrs. john f. kennedy. heas, uh, 42 years old. thank you. and it w over. i mean, thwhole thing was over.

the whole period lift and hope and struggle was all over. it was just over. we loved him as brother and as father and as a son. from hisarents and from his older bthers and sisters, joe and kathleen a jack, he received an inspiraon which he passed on to l of us. he gave ustrength in time of tuble, wisdom in time of unceainty

d sharing in time ofappiness. heill always be by our side. those of us who loved m and who take him to his rest today pray that what he was to us and what he wished forthers will someday come to ps for all the world. as he said many mes in many parts ofhis nation those he touched anwho sought to touch him, "some men see things as they are and say, 'y?' i dream things that never we and say, 'why no'" ♪

♪ narrator: just one week after robert kennedy's funera edward kennedyppeared on national levision with his father anmother. we cannot always underand the ways of almightyod, the crosses which he sen us, the saifices which he demands ous. but know his great goodness and hilove and go on our way

with no regrets from theast, not loing backwards to theast, t we shall carry on with urage. tuey: this was like a gruesome nightmare repyed and there was only daress, i mean, just terrible feings of-of emional anxiety and depreson. and i member walking with tdy, after bobby died, downairs and ying to him, "you know, you've just got to getway. "you can't think about is. "you c't think about it. "youust not allow yourself, ever, "to thk about you being ne in line for this terrible trtment." he was really terriblyhaken up by bobby's death. he used toail all night long byimself in the days d weeks after that hpened,

just, uh, just sling. atnarror: for o months, edward kennedy mained out of the public eye na once, he drove from hynis port wtoashing hi to sign papers at his fice, but when he got there, he was unable, he said, to go in and face themll. instead, whout getting out of h car, he turned around and drove home again. just 36, head become the effective head of an extended family, responsible in pt for the welfare of 16 ildren. i give you senator kendy. (appuse) i retire from puic life.

to tse who have soritten, my deep thanks for youkindness and for youroncern. buthere is no safety iniding, so tay, i resume my public responsibities to the people of massachetts. like my three brotrs before me, i pick up fallen standard. sustained by their memor of our priceless years tether, i shall try to carryorward that scial commitment to jtice, to excellence, to urage that distinguied their lives. (applause) doris kearnsoodwin: all of his life,e had been the kind of pson who s cheerful, open, opmistic. but now,uddenly, with jack's death and then bobby's death ur years later-- five yea later, he has to suddly become the holder of all of thesdreams, frustrationshopes-- and it had to be aincredibly defining momenfor him, to decide-- cod he still go on, the happy-go-lucky od guy that he was

oras he going to have to become something different? narror: shortly after keedy returned to washiton, richard nixon move into the white house we have a new esident. he has shown tt he's an extrely hard and industriouworker. this morning, hendicated that he wasn't going to use the ol room. mother read that in the pap and she called me upnd said, "teddy, i se where the president isn't going to use the oval room." shsaid, "i think someonought to use it." (appuse and laughter) narrator: keedy was becoming one of t most influential liberal spokesmen in theenate. so we're looking io that. aughing) naator: it seemed likely tt when nixon ran for election in 197 his opponent would be joseph kennedy's fourthon, but so worried that kennedy's rise was too fast, the pressures onim too great. ere was a, uh, a general,h...

feeling that ted was a plaoy. uh, he droveoo fast, he drank toouch, chased girls. um... he, ... ...certainly was devoted to ethel kennedy and-and her family, but he was having probms of his own. he began to try-- and tedid-- try to pick up t things that bob had repsented and even follow some of the trips that he'taken. that's what starteds all the way up to aska. rrator: as chairman of a special subcommite onndian education, a post oe held by his brotherobert, kennedled his colleagues tolaska in april, accompanied by cama crews and 25 reporrs. he did hisest to act as his brher would have aed, but it wasn't thsame.

kennedy: how old is this litt girl? woman: five. ha gorey: the trip bacwas kind of a disast, especially for tdy. we all met in e bar and had a drinor two before the plane tk off. ere were further drinks on the plane. teddy got sowhat boisterous and ayful. he started throwg rolls at various ous in the press, and-and pele started throwing lls back at him. and therstarted to be a largcall ofeskimo power" up andown the aisles and a few pills being thrown and number of other things. d then it didn't seem to be controllable. here was a man who was thought of by many as a future presiden and he was out in publ having drunk far too muc and playfully throwing bre around a cabin of airplane.

it jusdidn't seem within the comportment or dignity at least theublic comportment andignity-- of a fute president. i thoughthat the senator was out avoid a fate th was being imposed upon him from the outside, which was to run for the presidency. and i thought, psychologicly, he was not in the besthape for tang up this kind of bden. mission control: lioff! we have a lioff! narrator: friday, july 18, 1969-- as the apollo 11 crew approached the moon, fulfilng a goal set by john keedy, edward kennedy was in massachusetts, fulfilling still another family obligation-- atnding a reunion party of young women who had worked f his brother robert'last campaign. one of them was ma jo kopechne. the pay was held on chappaiddick island, off martha's vineyard.

late that evening, kenne left the party withiss kopechne. metime later, his car plunge off a narrow wooden idge. edy managed to get out. his passenger did no (helicopter bladeshirring) yet for ten hourhe failed to report the cident. thcar was discovered bywo boys on an early morning fishing trip. poce were summoned, and the young woman's body was recovered. the diver suspted she had not died immiately. rrator: kennedy aidehelped the other partoers lee the island hurriedly, without making statemes. on saturday rning, kennedy finally apared before police chief minick arena, was allowed mply to leave a hasty handwritten statement and return to hyannis rt. reporter...at some point-- sie someone was killed, right. and he hadn't reported it for ten hours-- right. in actually quesoning him a bit deep?

well, to tell u the truth, at the te, i thought i wod have been able to g back to him. when he left here, i,t the time, thought th he was going to consultis attorney and we would get further from him. after chappaquidck, i can still e eunice flying in the hou. she tookff her coat and threit. she sa, "where's teddy?" shsaid, "i want to talk toim." but there was rage and hror and, uh, anger. a lot anger at not any paicular person, not teddy, but i reallyhink, at fate. narrator: thsenator stayed behind the walls of the kennedy comund. frnds, advisers and former speechwriters descended upon hyannisort to off legal advice and propose ways to saage the senator's potical future. decter: an army ofack's loyalists and speech wrirs-- that court that was ill, to some extent, a court-in-exile and still dreaming of washington--

descended on capcod to help him, advise him and to write this speech he gave. narrator: just hoursefore going on television, senator kenny pleaded guilty to lving the scene of an cident and received a t-month jail sentence-suspended. that night, kennedy offered s version of what hahappened, callinhis own conduct "indefenble." sen. edward m. kennedy: i would undersnd full well y some might think it right for me to resign. u and i share manyemor you and i share manyemories. some of them have beenlorious, some have been very sad. thopportunity to work with you d serve massachusetts has made my life worthwhile. and so i a you tonight--

the people of massachuses-- to think this through wi me. rrator: massachusettrallied to t lyot of the kennedy troers, but across the coury, many found h explanations inadeqte, his speech mawsh. gorey: many of us in the press rps thought it remind us of nixon's "checkers" sech. it did not ring true. it, uh, was highlyolitical and intended, viously, to save his politil neck. i think that tedennedy was very badly adved, very badly advised by tse who went to advise him. i meaninstead of putting it in the context of the future of h political life, th should have just put it the context of what happene and hahim deal with what haened the most honest and en way possible.

narror: as the story of chappaquiddick unfolded democratic leaders were eting in virginia toiscuss the next presidential campgn. harris: everybody knew-- well, they thoht-- that ted kennedyould be the democrat nominee for presidenin 1972. right in tidst of that retreacame e terrible news of the trage at chappaquiddick. we stoed what we were doing. uh, the issues were stl there, but the was no question fr that moment on thated kennedy would not b the democratic nominee. the tuation changed totally and simply quit and wentome. llas: teddy went upsirs, and he said, "dad, there was an accent" and he said, "there was a girl in the c" and he said, "she drowned."

he said, "it was an accident and his father hadis head forward, lisning to teddy, and then he dropped his head back, and teddy sat down and he putis hands up to his fa and he sd, "i don't know, dad, i don't know." but after th, i could see a deteriorion in mr. kennedy. rrator: joseph p. keedy, 81, refused urishment and began to wte away. he died on november , 1969. adam walinsky: the legacy has to be

an enormous burden. who would want to be in a position of having to live yo life with the feeling that if you didn'become president of t united states and fulfill alof these enormous hopes that had been raised by your brothers-- who ver had a chance to ffill them-- that somehow people wld judge your life-- or y might judge it yourself-- to be a failure? i can't conceivef a greater or more difficult burden to carry. tosk a kennedy to think about what it would have beelike to not carry the burden to ask them to not balive, because carrying that rden is a part of whathey are, so in a rtain sense, it was nevereally a choice for teddy. he coun't imagine turning s back on the legacy. he had to beme what they wanted him tbecome. narrat: for the next ten years edward kennedy serve asne of the leading liberaspokesmen in the senate,

building a leglative record matched by either of hisrothers. but despite the shame of chappaquiddic despite the complication of hisrivate life, edward kennedy stillelt oblited to run for president. he would wai through 1972 and 197 when another democrat-- jiy carter-- won the wte house, but by 1979, chappaquidck seemed forgotten. ted kenny thought he saw hishance. november 7, 1979, in boston rose kennedy, 89 yea old, was rey to campaign once ain. thlast of her sons was about to declareis candidacy for present. questions about chpaquiddick would haveo be met.

the constant threat of aassination would have to be endured. dorikearns goodwin: i rember watching teddy nnedy when he made his announcemt speecht faneuil hall when he ran for present in 1980, and it just emed, as you watchedim, like the weight ofis brothers' lega was on his shoulders and that he s only a human being, but thathey were expecting him to be jack and bobby l together, and i think henew that, that very y, that there's no way he could be that. no oneould. today i speak to all citizen of america, but i wanted (voice fadinout): to speak to yofrom home, here in boon... narrator when kennedy announced, he led two-to-one in the pls, but he quick fell behind president cter d never regained the lead.

chappaquiddick h not been forgotten aer all. times had changed. the couny was moving away fr his kind of liberalism. kenny seemed unable to aiculate st what it was he wand to do as president. in the e, he lost 24 of the 34 praries he entered. ne (crowd cering) at theemocratic convention august, he withdrew his candacy, but in his hour defeat, he spoke with an eloquen that banished, for aoment, all the adows on the kennedyegend. it would bthe speech of his lif oking what his brothers had co to mean to manamericans of their geration. ansomeday, long after this convtion, long after t signs come down and e crowds stop cheering and the bands op playing, may it be said of our mpaign that we kept t faith,

may it bsaid of our party in980 th we found our faith ain, and may it be sa of us, bothn dark passages and bright days, in the words of tennysonhat my brothers quot and loved and that have special meing for me now, "i am part of all that iave met "too much is taken, mu abides "tt which we are, we are "one equal temper oferoic hearts, strong in will "to strive to seek, to find and not to yield." for me, a few hours ago, this campaign came to annd. for all those whose cas have been our concn, the work goes on, the cause endures, the hope still liv, and the dream shalnever die. (cering and applause)

narrator: other keedys would share the eam, take their chances in public life, but that eveng in mison square garden, e quest for the presidency had finally come to annd fothe sons of joseph p.ennedy. their ther had once been wiing to pay any price for pow. heould never have imagined how high that price would .

edward kennedy: stathe hope still lives d the dream shall never die. announcer: this is our experience-- the american eerience. there's more about the kennedys atmamerican experienc online. visit the family's cape cod compod in pictures and read an asssment of ted keedy's senate career. all this and more pbs online. you may order american experience's "the kennedys"

on videocasset or, with additial features, on dvd. to order, call pbs home video at: so captioned by dia access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org ♪

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man #3: it is the key to curing diase. man #4: that's history righthere. on: welcome to the

oat. edwho died latesdhe at h h hyni maachuses. tait driwi arooinil f dredeiahiri al jourli i washitoned wh vesenatonnedy and john meacham,he editor of ewsw magazich is cong w a commerative issue. d we'll hr frenator kennedy h words in rviet heidit one i and e in he an ex>> this is aplac tt youa isble.at the sou

ma peoplon bothdesf the cobuti tth f is ser inhetehat can tick off slatn d evythinge,you as eatas if you had r foesen a htwo tms inhe presiden. placanbout bei a sator d e gacy thatoure il. it'sn enormous hor. mean,it's the greest pubc nor u uld ssibly have. an reat and prte thest thahepeople o massaue gito me. to be able teprent them e nate. and we' tried to... i've alwaerceived by ros try toetso in pe. 'seenrustting in the o seone th's psione t tion hlt iur and s en fiting that over0 snd istil.. we see tsevery sgl day ma tragedies h

faliest ha been ab to do i buwe've some pess ert. ani as el that asg as c keepge ogress t..nd the people willp m, i..t' >> d: an you'llrun for ti? xpso. wi you let memake an >> i wlndeed.our show? >>rnoldohis, ot me?sn aroia ch. tife of tekennedwhen wenu

captningpoor by captningpoor by se communitis >> rose: lkso mple rng and le theg ts keedwhod la toward gh i ewelp the h re tisble wre we ha taed a his hievenndmany mes remaleife. lif t ll kwn ny pplbeof mi, becaus htrmp, cae h tge a causas forfead h of theat storthe unedtas talabout ttfe beginnithdos gowin, a fendand talk wit u b carndell phone onray fm

anspt to bton. yon hisrt da ve m ns t pce thla--ndnkt'mangbo whso my mes heom down ao nyeople e rlly whe ho.e sha 's we nnysame intriuhft f.'s eleio rorisic a whe eyamn sne. d ueayave a elg athiasha bndha falyher. e rall o e rl lr t uny a eylway ce bk he. it'so ttgn a rtn wayse fevnouimag tamily. >> rose:he knew thend wa ar and inceains yno i w h laste the rex gan reut thfi bl a w tsi

hithoaordiny it wafohio allhe l aolesbo elintheseon that h s been an contras t h bths whudjoe in rl of crsnd bus, hsadthat lengthf me t ll h tho aor e whe cotrhafe aut him viheen dit s. i ep tnkg out he hengy otrl breaneheng ro at thnples." how foreden eny telongthe rebrhe a a sis bee reac s0s t dg zingak d apdi ae w rn to shat faed98runnd found a ho. gacy heas tre i k s him anarled the us who ledn tt is wll wa rembe

paiarch of theamy en othersie don't ow aasy t rk in e sena. itoesn't mak gre si toee cpr wi har but wh you tnkabouwh h was tdonterms t lesliothve hhe muwas r op, ilen hlt immian, notiting aesto le op's rig cting ionsf , at real lacan th iceis o notn d tohe brotrs f whe alwaysom him. >> roso y ink t sow was fatalistiand unders t perhi is desnys toe a d s na had se ratrthano prid yw, ata ns ink onhe di ket cioto runor nymo aer0 h selein rea cfo wh ents

w ofll t broths t moapproaab, theos rapoti almost le s gndth,yit te, talkopl, nsto pe. ani th idcy wlws ch enorimecf h brotrsinn

down there s "don't needo be presi, t me jusdo the of decracy ghhere i the nate." >>ose: wl, whelook at the im he's.is leat trere 500 significant eces o legislatn. wh you t about t impt lives,t's aing,owerin emenfarbeyond pridts aolel fard my i an tt'th soal jtice atesab was to bring aut t gislatempne al aected ty pee, yhe l th he, cncth heobs bwithheamiehe sobodyetsi th mecalee inthrehu iactson people'saily ves. >> rose: to see himwalk dn

the halls of th seteith oswoogwa aig. i ch wondfu mrid l coup whheirdo schleng thhemve t nt w a ndfuthg. thin fnd se rb, odheuld realax wit aepni his engito ge evmo ttneyack to t >> r youmentione t d whatt mnt t mi ando him. he wanted goom t die and bere to die. it i t s andarthe sea an saing t t y of sportfo h. it qst i ani remr so t taywhendind i usgosain withim thbbnnd wt u ow u' tll. nht he'd akgth inedrocalnksnd you'dinging ♪ldri rose

andibly the g when wldstumin afesigswo tithecof ilathoan o pe ocen uf had togo ov for t sena and ff wld deimnds on you ca o hwaedoal rious uf ay wveot tlkut e niwa, gng is rough? hielanyet wat tam setth n ten found, tnk so, leuln bo dimens. >>os be tragy,which nt toeak a moment, know t famil wh... how wahe shad faro u son eennend ros.. theon r kennedy, e broer of hn and bert d joe euniceat >>elhe'soquesti he ay tyai t anthen hecamethinf theamy r hibr

buinmo iornt stf ia rt nsis it dindeed,nd chanceo siut it bug h bk that me appaidcke cko3 mber reangike mafid idweome hodd ts wreouelg." n a funny y found thk erhe was coortabl maybe wldaven aoo presidt. se and he woulhave hadthe that same aff t ho but nonetheleshe fndre belonged, ihink. >> rose:also l rectly hisieunice shrer t famy a he lationipth bthers. >>elune o ma ways, as kne, s, onc sd, hashbe a e woul caolicdentf e it at. enorusri anormous will. ershcos the fil.. meeveryby'ple in that fil s impoan unrsnd. soouavthe thego eeembe,,jrac, romary, cou in the midd othat. but cae fer iss w

her meal steeast pt tmbiouspl. enouet eicortfth meor forhe wholeng raonncdi rosemary even tugrory w aea de and eeeme en as li glensitive the s of h young ss anofroma. it wasai thepares wod have tll t o ks uld yomakeur remy nsowo ayens wld yota h to town shopping oner ownul jus it d mehow thatonctn ben hereliohito is extna fusnhat couldbe de fally rded peopl the ia olpics. d she willave hewn pce histo foreein me ws eearof a mont and soti lde of impa politian a movento veeoe hafficultenlrobls a acinocietyan tm

tt possibilitiesnd pouniean cpetiti thas areat ing. tsamy reall hn imctn rimine lives d ourctlai ve in waprobab nod sinth am fil wba lord bverote tt j kne,r. wch sa... he pdied at val thda.ywould somay ernoaye cldha seen ith. >> rose:ow anyove mh, dis y'rostwee,harl. >> re:t'..wefounate toave u. th much havefe trav bk toon. >> thankou, i' t to so. e. >>ose:oris krngoodwin. contie a rbrcend preciatif ddy knedy. st wh rose:contue ection senatorendy

th alunoflobeew whwaa filennd w cored ser kne cr in senate an meaam, edor of "newswe magazi which is coming a cmemorave i begin with ho dhe last intervi that setor kennedy did on telision. i wa simply t set that up, and en wl to a be th ier , lle autheas teie crl w y 00 cpl..gus ou wk tda borseto keedwaiaos whth drdf bin nc t hi he inasngn. amhain een wpp u thomat lly s il aanda d erwa binng a loofal obinn eatiet an aedenorendy w s e cse tnghe w to kg mer decric ptyndthw ldatll erha i ansanowa ct lly inn.

whh thk ect wt ra oma wtehio ansethrecafo scsiin the nexew wes. roseres ptf that convtion. al hunt senatorennedy at nator keedy'shome. wld he tt heuld alsoive conderati somebo tha has. isin tu wi his aea thenobler asratis themerin pe. i meanthinthis ... he has str a ton amicans are epared as th ve in t p, freeny, not always, to deal withe challengeshat we're fac and americans are thirsty to do . d i k ie h real leer a dh rack ama in tr-twopo as well it woubeenorus heful. >>ouave think aut crtials.ionalsecuty well, ihi that.. 's uful a rtant t whit fnk bs unrsndg in foreignolic an lteningmtalk aut naity he s

e urth camig think he'seen eloquen, ins yive and i thinkhe'seen right. >> rose: aooing m j me cch. this is cover o "newsweek's"pecial brher, ward. kenne last 1932-200 in hry w d we put thi rson? one o t or three senators who wil rembed forever. henry clay, daniel webster, ted kenn i think that it get e' fallg there hletquite a would an my min, it's great amican leant great and intesting because it's so mplex. this ist sry of tend camelo andkind of g mortaradg into t sunset. is i story a very troublednd ye timaly triuhant m who faced

incredible demonsand setes th w tate a sotimes he did. anhe s to mindas stngelynspir tionale because see hi life, anyway, as a sear foredemion as opposed the uomated unfolding desny. >> ros twohis begin th:umbe o, the fily hwas th cr,e was e coref this family r so manyears. secondlyhe was a js center. having said that,l me ories,eleedendy wl,haieha ctures . algr whoh tte lle e throrfo grt nars iry an sryas jt ts exaoinyilnc a meckro sh rrle trede ot se-iuc. fothamythwa re tceer

tishvetomeod at teddcod alwaetee alt,atr at the agy s. cfoin pseeea a erne hbrgh t licsas al maab ahi rehaitr o broer b tsradiry coinioof mmme a nngitncdi uban. teendy al..eot on ledheuses kepele heik ppl oif inofie. hehoht.hiridchs ddol meeough everodhaan ierti sty meinto nt.henderstd colethings iai a a,e led pele heasheardestorr i' ereen. noneadtesete encovereim i e na diarcoite,haie hithe stafemrsff mbs-wefi w sciteofan wetming ecuve mpsaonn sh. vibos,hefaedaw n yk psete

miost d felw ned enbrer atast adff upat tupme c ste,es >> acy. head. n o er h a af teddy noneordrd. buhis sre w ndd e ulli. ledeohewhe t mpmi, he kextl w faheould g h r ulgethotuyo . ryeweoe ve tt tant eneoo me i a sclay yor q. way hter, ahoh hes quite brht. >> rose:l mee about ward knedy the pician ed knedy'salen edwd kennedy's place. well,e was, as al issaying as rm and grious i y ttneithe of his broers were. j.k.'s leralism waser cool. his favote... one of his political ids waselbourne. fafs kinof detachme.

bobby.. genal kennedy was hot in those j.f.k.'s liberalism w very cool. his favorite... one ofis political idolwas melbourne. fa kind of detachment. bobby...eneral kennedy was very hot in those last days t had... was famsly ruthless and ugh up until that last 1968.gn in it seems to me that ted kennedy actuallyenjoyed pitics for the people. an he grew up in theenate. he was someone wh had a work etc that is quite at os with the caricature very rich ma sailing around and probayou drinking a little too much and not bng the. he does n have the reputatio for the workhorse qualities that i think he deserves. there are very few exames, it ses to me, in american politics er of the distance e between th carature of somee and the reality. he was sn as an

unreconstrued uninching new deal liberal.be he was, as al was just sayg,st one of the geat compromers. always wantedo get something and then try to mak it better laer, which belies thats cariture. andas someone who saw past the traditial ideological labels that pele wore.or i think and like churchill in way i think becausehe always understoodhat this morning's enemy might be night's ally. an if you grew up in the legislative body, you build alitions from issue t issue. so you really can't afrd if you are going to be a master lislator to cuteopleoff on one issue bause you're probably going to need the in twoours on something else. >> rose: republicans, a in some cases therere deep frieships. orin hatch being one. >> yeah. john mccain beinganother. b when john main got the profile in couragward ten so yearsty ago, he never foot that ted

kennedy threw aurprisew birthdaparty for john's ten 11-year-old son. lindseyen graham cameo congresse inking that ted kennedy was the incarnation of everything, of every liberal evil and grew toave enorus respect for him. some of it was his legislati talent and what hn just described. he was honey fitz's grandson w much more thanither of his brothers. and some of it was this extraordinary persal touch. onof the most touching stories ve ever heard, gordon smih, the senator from oregon, a centrt mormon republicanad bipolar son who commted suicide. and he told me t first perso his offi wased kennedy who he sai "became my comfortg presence for months a became a central figure in y life." he had an abity to do maybe in part becau he underwent such trial and such trage himself. but he was able to fhion personal relationshs that no

one woulhavexpected in keeping with what john said abou how different he washan the caricate. george w.ush, who had very few relationships be wny democrats in is town for eight years would in privatealk... would regale people with wha agreat legislatornd what a great ally he thought edward m. kendy was. i don't knowf any other mocratic senator that he spoke n those terms. >> rose: there' a wonderful phrase of franklin roevelt's that doesn't geticked up much whh is that great politician, a great country masters the cience of human rationships. mter it is science of human relationships. rose: that defines h, doest it? >> that'st. that's it. >> rose: there is this o his wall in his sente office.n i asked himo talk about it and he did inne of two interviewsof i did, one in wife thend one in 2007. t itis trent lott wrote him a letter basically said "dear ted, if they only knw you the w we do." what di he mean by that, al?

>> wll, that he was... he was delitful company, everyone loved to be around him. he's a guy that as we discussed the la few minutes o this sh who could coromise. he was not unasonable. he didn't demonize peop at all. he dmonized positions but n people. bob bourqumight have been a rare exption of that. and almost ever senator at i ever talke to really led ted kennedy. charlie, we onheutside just... you kn, we observe and we hear om other reporters... or excuse me, hear fromother of s colleagues but when i w on that prole inourage coittee and have been for themm last seven years, i had sort of an inside glpse. it was a nber of quite a pressive people, present companyxcluded, on that company.ed senatored that cochran and olympia snowe, grat historians andhis beloveniece caroline. sotimes we would beeadlocks ecause there were lots ofreat nomation and ted kennedy

would then weigh . in t beginning it was confusi where he was going. in a couple mites you knew exactly where he was goingand a consensus immeately formed ands we wentor tes choice. and i mention this process one time toed thatcongress cochran and he said "now you know how 99 senators fl." he had at touch. >> wid where did that comefrom, this deep,, understanding, d b, visceral feeling about beinee ab to do thingsfor those who could not do for themselves? clearly robert kennedy had a nd of epiphany en heeganhe to go to appalachia and see things, and misssippi. >> one theory o the case is that as theunt of the fami,am he understood what it was likest to get pick on. >> rose: ashe youngest? >> as e youngest. the youngt of tse powerful formidab sons.

and he clrly had akind of rooseveltian nobless oblige, i think far more so than robert kennedy and certainly more than prident kennedy. president kennedy's greatest fear was to b called a liberal. hatedit. you know, his lationship with adelaide steven son is one of the great tsion and ddn't want to be seen as soft. and ithink you would never hav n heard, i think, as the politicst of the last 40 years unfold, you would not have heard resident kenne speak of liberism in the defiant tones in which senator ted kenny did d because he blieved and came from generation in whichat government w not a dir word. and to some extent, the reagan yearsnd the george w. bush years we a reactionto... remember the phrase "tip o'neill

anted kennedyiberalism"? nd so heame... he was... he was an interestg product of a timend an intellectual time when government had a larger roleo play int people's live >> rose: there is this also, al. and he said this to men a conversation that did, we'l seen a few minutes. his proudest votein the senate was against the iaq war. when he stood upnd all of the people that his felw senats... not all of them, but most of them,ost ofhem, senator clinton an setor edwards and so many othe voted yes and he sod up in a resounng speech and said no. al? >> and he later got in quite a i i have theith bill clinton in e 2008 cpaign bend the scenes wh former president clintoninsisted it was not a vote for the war and he said "yore damn right it was a vote for the war, that's what i said

at the time. which senator kenneddid. i slightly... i d'tisagreen' with john, but i'm not quite sure that this sensef chpioning as passiote as he did the righ of the underprivileged was there the youngest cld. i think in the early yars that he was a much re cautus and, if you will, centst democrat. i talked to one of his oldest h friendwho was with him in '62 tay and i said "if we had been sittg around in boston in 19--" which is when i rst covered senatorennedy" "and we said 47 yearsrom nowe'll die a be thought of asne of the grat liberal lions of a time and one of the most effective senars ever, what would we have said?iv and we would have said you' drunk, go get another drink. reuests that's not wh he wast cast as tn. i ink he grew. i thinke really grew i think he gr in a sense o having these much more... much m greater commitmen. i think he lerned. he was affected b his others last campaign a grt deal.